Malignant Tumors of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract as Seen in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

Background: Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract constitute a diverse heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with unique epidemiological; pathological; and treatment considerations. Only few studies have been conducted so far on these tumors in Nigeria. This study aims to study in greater detail; the pathological features of these cancers in Nigerian patients. Materials and Methods: The surgical specimens of patients diagnosed with malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tracts in the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine; Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) in Ile-Ife; Nigeria; over a 10-year period; formed the basis of this study. Analysis was done for differences in proportion using the Chi-square test (P is significant at 0.05) by SPSS version 15. Results: There were a total of 62 cases. The overall mean age was 50.7 years; while the age range was from 3 years to 90 years. The male to female ratio was 3.1:1. A majority of the patients (67.7) were older than 40 years. About 30.6; 27.4; and 16.1 of cases occurred in the larynx; nasopharynx; and nasal cavity; respectively; while 93.5 of the tumors were carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological variety. Nonepithelial tumors were not seen below the age of 20 years. Conclusion: This study shows that malignant upper aerodigestive tract tumors seen in our environment are mainly diseases of adulthood that tend to occur about seven to nine years earlier than in other populations. Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological variety. Although the larynx is the most frequent anatomic site; the nasopharynx and nasal cavity are more commonly affected than the oral cavity unlike in other populations. Nonepithelial tumors are extremely rare below the age of 20 years

Adenopathies cervicales metastatiques d'un carcinome non retrouve

Introduction : Les adenopathies cervicales metastatiques d'un carcinome non retrouve representaient 3 a 5 des cancers de la tete et du cou. Cette entite pose un probleme de prise en charge. But : Soulever les difficultes diagnostiques et therapeutiques et degager les principaux facteurs pronostiques regissant le controle local de la pathologie et surtout la survie. Materiels et methodes: Cette etude retrospective a ete portee sur une serie de 80 cas d'adenopathies cervicales metastatiques primitives colliges entre 1980 et 2007. Resultats : Tous les malades ont eu un examen clinique complet; une panendoscopie des VADS avec des biopsies systematiques. Une cytoponction a l'aiguille fine a ete realisee chez 65 de nos malades. Tous les patients ont eu une cervicotomie avec examen histologique. Le carcinome epidermoide etait retrouve dans 70 des cas; alors que 11 des malades avaient un adenocarcinome et 1;5 avaient un melanome. La chirurgie a ete indiquee pour 25 malades. Une radiotherapie post operatoire aete appliquee pour 21 malades. Le protocole associant a la radiotherapie; une chimiotherapie neo adjuvante etait indique chez 27 malades. La survie globale moyenne etait de 2;5 ans. Conclusion : Le pronostic etait significativement aggrave par : l'age superieur a 65 ans; le stade N3 et l'envahissement ganglionnaire avec rupture capsulaire

Les tumeurs myofibroblastiques inflammatoires cervico-faciales

Objectifs : Confronter les signes cliniques et paracliniques de cette entite a celle des cancers et etudier ses modalites therapeutiques. Materiel et methodes : Etude retrospective portant sur huit cas de tumeurs myofibroblastiques inflammatoires cervico-faciales. Resultats : L'age moyen etait de 37 ans sans predominance de sexe. Le siege de la pseudotumeur etait thyroidien dans un cas; ganglionnaire dans deux cas; les parties molles cervicales dans un cas; larynge dans un cas; nasosinusien dans un cas; orbito-sinusienne dans 1 cas et du cavum dans un cas. Le traitement etait chirurgical dans 6 cas. Une corticotherapie a ete instauree dans 4 cas dont 2 en post operatoire. L'evolution; apres un recul moyen de 21 mois; etait marquee par la survenue de recidive dans 2 cas; une poursuite evolutive dans 1 cas et l'apparition d'autres localisations renales et retro peritoneale chez une patiente. Discussion : Les tumeurs myofibroblastiques inflammatoires sont rares. De caractere benin; ces tumeurs presentent generalement des caracteristiques cliniques d'agressivite avec un pouvoir lytique mimant une tumeur maligne. L'atteinte des voies aerodigestives superieures se voit dans 11 des tumeurs extrapulmonaires. Le diagnostic preoperatoire est difficile. L'exerese aussi large que possible de la tumeur est generalement preconisee. L'association d'une corticotherapie est indiquee chez des patients demeurant symptomatiques

Paediatric head and neck cancers in Nigeria: implications for treatment planning in resource limited settings

Background: The head and neck (H/N) is a common site for childhood cancers. This study examined all cases of H/N childhood cancers diagnosed in a major teaching hospital in Nigeria over 18 years to determine patterns of broad lineage cancer groups. Materials and Methods: Primary pediatric childhood malignancies diagnosed between 1990 and 2008 were analysed. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine significant clinical correlates of childhood cancer. Results: Lymphomas were the commonest cancers (49.5). After controlling for site and age; there was no significant difference in the incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) by sex ( P=0.423). The jaw bones (mandible and maxilla) were the commonest sites in the H/N for involvement of BL; with over 20 times the odds of occurrence when compared to other non-jaw sites of the H/N region (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=21.41; P0.001). Among the jaw bones; there was no significant difference in the occurrence of BL ( P

Primary Childhood Head and Neck Neoplasms: an 8-Year Histopathological Review in a Teaching Hospital

Background: Although infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death among children in our environment; neoplastic diseases have emerged as important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Method: A retrospective review of neoplastic lesions of the head and neck region histologically diagnosed at University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in children aged 0-14years between 2002 and 2009 was carried out with the aim of determining their incidence and histological patterns. Results: A total of 266 neoplasms were diagnosed in this age group during the period out of hich123(46.2) were located in the head and neck region. Seventy two cases (58.5) were malignant while 51 (41.5) were benign. Lymphoma was the commonest histological type of malignant tumour (51) with Burkitt's lymphoma being the predominant subtype. The commonest benign tumours were haemangioma and neurofibroma each of which accounted for 8 cases (15.7). The commonest sites for these lesions were jaw; eye and adnexa; soft tissues; peripheral nerves; and lymph nodes. Conclusion: It is concluded that Burkitt's lymphoma remains the commonest childhood head and neck malignancy in the study population. The oral sites constituted about 40of the tumours studied

Morbidite par tumeurs de la sphere tete et cou a Bamako

Ce travail rapporte sur une annee (nov 2004-oct 2005) les resultats d'une etude descriptive realisee sur les tumeurs de la tete et du cou dans le service ORL de l'hopital Gabriel Toure de Bamako. Ont ete inclus tous les patients dont les dossiers comportaient les parametres suivants : epidemiologique (age; sexe; profession; residence et delai de consultation); facteurs d'exposition; localisation anatomoclinique et resultat histologique; et les donnees de l'imagerie. Ont ete exclues toutes les tumeurs de cette region dont les dossiers etaient incomplets ainsi que les tumeurs de l'oeil et de ses annexes et les tumeurs endocraniennes. Nous avons pu colliger 60 cas; et 25 dossiers n'ont pu etre exploites. Parmi les 60 cas retenus; 24 tumeurs etaient des tumeurs malignes (40) et 36 tumeurs benignes. Dans les tumeurs benignes; le goitre a ete le plus retrouve avec a l'etude histologique une predominance de l'adenome colloidal (15 cas sur 36 soit 41;67). D'autres tumeurs rares ont ete notees entre autre le rhinosclerome (5 cas soit 13;89); le papillome inverse des fosses nasales (2 cas soit 5;55). Ces tumeurs benignes n'ont pas pose de problemes de prise en charge. Quant aux tumeurs malignes; nous avons eu une predominance de cancers pharyngo-larynges (11 cas/24) avec le carcinome epidermoide comme type histologique le plus frequent. Dans ce lot on a eu deux carcinomes chez des enfants de moins de quinze ans. Nous n'avons pas pu relever de particularites; entre autre pas de facteurs d'exposition individualisable. D'autres tumeurs malignes tels que les cancers nasosinusiens et les carcinomes de la thyroide ont ete relevees. Ces tumeurs malignes ont generalement consulte a un stade avance de la maladie

Primary head and neck cancers in Jos; Nigeria: A re-visit

Background: To document the pattern of primary head and neck cancers in Jos; Nigeria. Study Design: A record-based study of head and neck cancers histologically diagnosed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH); Jos; between January 1987 and December 2002. Results: A total of 710 cases (over 44 cases per year) were diagnosed; with a rising trend. The most common sites for cancer were the eyes (15.4); lymph nodes (12.4); thyroid gland (11.8) and the oral cavity (7.6). Carcinomas 432(60.8); lymphomas 119(16.8) and sarcomas 105(14.8) were the commonly reported cancers. Carcinomas were most commonly reported in the thyroid gland (19.2); oral cavity (10.2) and the eyes (9.5). AIDS-related cancers constituted 12.3of all head and neck cancers and were commonly reported in the 3rd decade of life. This is higher than the 10.9and 7.6previously reported for Jos (p=0.89) and Maiduguri (p=0.034) respectively. Carcinomas were associated with alcohol use and tobacco smoking (p0.001); while kaposi sarcoma was more associated with HIV-positive patients than squamous cell carcinoma (p